Wrinkles are caused by both chronological age and by the effects of sun exposure with time.
Furthermore, repeated muscle movement, loss of collagen and elastin, and smoking all contribute to wrinkle formation.
There are a range of treatments available to reduce wrinkles depending on their severity and type. Dermatologists and plastic surgeons grade wrinkles using the Glougau Classification of Ageing.
Glougau Classification
Mild
Few wrinkles, requires little or no make-up for coverage.
Moderate
Early wrinkling, requires little makeup.
Advanced
Persistent wrinkling, broken blood vessel, sun spots, need make-up.
Severe
Deep wrinkling and furrows, sunspots, irregular texture and discolouration of skin.
Anti-ageing effects in facial appearance can be achieved by treating with topical therapies, botulinum toxin, injectable fillers and laser resurfacing. When used appropriately, these treatments can give a rejuvenated younger refreshed appearance. It is also important to follow sensible sun avoidance practices and regularly use sunscreen to reduce the formation of wrinkles.